中考英语复习专题——意思相近用法却不同的近义词汇总
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时间：2020-03-01
happen指事情的发生，往往带有"偶然"的意思。It happens that I am free today. 恰好今天我没有事。take place指事先安排或策划好而后发生，没有"偶然"的意思。
must表示说话人的主观看法;而have to则表示客观需要。mustn\'t意为“不可以;不允许”;don\'t have to意为“不必”。如：(1)My father had to work when he was ten years old。(2)The play is not interesting. I really must go now。3. arrive , reach , get toreach为及物动词。They reached Tianjin yesterday.
We stayed at home because it rained. because of是短语介词，后面接名词性词语。We stayed at home because of the rain .
5. in front of, in the front ofin front of…意思是"在……前面"，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。如：He walked in fount of me。There are some flowers in fount of the house。in the front of 意思是"在某一空间内的前部"，即甲物在乙物的范围之内;其反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。如：There is a big desk and a blackboard in the fount of our classroom。Our teacher stands in the fount of the classroom。I looked , but saw nothing . 我看了，但什么也没看见。watch a football match看足球比赛。
7. sometime; sometimes; some time; some timessometime是副词，可与过去时或将来时连用，表示"(在过去)某个时候"或"(在将来)某个时候"。如：I saw him sometime in May。some time多数情况下作名词短语，意为"一些时间;一些时候";它还可以作副词词组，用来表示一个未肯定的时刻，此时它可与sometime互换。如：I\'ll be away for some time。sometimes是一个表示时间频率的副词，意为"有时候"。如：Sometimes I help my mother with the housework。如：They have been there several times。8. how long, how often, how far, how soonhow long意为"多久、多长时间"，主要是对一段时间进行提问，答语通常是(for)three days/weeks/months等时间段，它可用于各种时态。How long do you stay in Beijing every year? how often意为"多久……次、是否经常"，用来提问在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是always，usually，often，sometimes，once/twice a day/month等。How often do you get to school very early? how far意为"多远"，对距离提问时用。How far is that? 那有多远?how soon意为"还要多久"，是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问，常用在一般将来时态的句子中，其答语通常是"in + 一段时间"。-How soon can you finish the work? 还要多久你能完成这项工作?9. agree with，agree to，agree onagree with 后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词作宾语。agree with 还有“适合”、“符合”的含义。如：The climate here doesn\'t agree with him。他不适合这里的气候。agree to 后面一般接表示提议、办法、计划之类的名词作宾语。10. across , cross, crossing, through, past1)cross 意为“横过， 穿过”为动词，相当于walk(go，run)acrossLook both ways before you cross the road。(2)across意为“横过，穿过”为介词，不作动词，不能作谓语，常放在动词之后，如：go acrossHe walked across the field。(3)through 是介词，含有“从…中间穿越”之意，表示四周含有物体的穿越。The ball went through the window。(4)past既可作形容词也可作副词，做副词时有：“穿过，越过”之意。Will you be going past my house on your way home?(5)crossing意为“渡口，人行横道，(铁路与公路的)交叉点。All the cars should stop before the zebra crossing。(1)on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等;I don't want to talk about it on the phone。Can you speak it in English?Don't write it with a red pen。at, on, in三者都可以表示"在……的时候"。I get up at six o'clock in the morning . 我早晨六点起床。(2)On：表示在哪一天，哪一天的早上(下午、晚上);on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936(3)in：表示在哪一年(季、月)，在上午，下午等。in September , in the morning , in the afternoon13.few, a few; little , a little·few, a few是可数的， little, a little是不可数的。·a few, a little含肯定意味，few, little含否定意味。(1) They have a little ink, don't they? (2)They have little ink, do they? (3)She has a few Chinese friends, doesn't she? (4)She has few Chinese friends, does she?(5)She has a little dog。她有一只小狗。not … until 直到…才… (主句动词是短暂性动词)(1)He didn't go to bed until his mother came back。。until 一直到… (主句中使用延续性动词)(2)I study hard until it is midnight every day。
15. spend, pay, cost, take(1)Sb. Spend … on sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)在某事上。I spend ten yuan on the book。。(2)spend (in) doing sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)做某事。She spent two hours in drawing the house。(3)Sb. pay …for …sth. 某人为某物花了…钱。I paid 50 yuan for the clothes。(4)Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…钱。(5)It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(时间、金钱)做某事。It takes us ten minutes to brush my teeth every day。16.too much, too many, much tootoo much + 不可数名词 too many + 可数名词 much too + 形容词、副词(1)There is too much milk in the basket。(2) She ate too many biscuits yesterday morning。(3) He runs much too quickly。(4) The chair is much too expensive。(1)After+时间段 表达过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子;I received the letter after two days . (2)After+时间点 表示将来一段时间以后，用于将来时态的句子。He will arrive after four o'clock 。(3)in+时间段 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。You will receive the letter in three days . (1)ago立足于现在，表示从现在起，若干时间之前;ago 通常与一般过去时连用，不能与完成时连用;I met him three years ago 。(距今)三年前，我遇到他。(2)before立足过去，表示从过去某一时刻起，若干时间以前。before通常与过去完成时连用。I had met him three years before 。Though I am alone, I am not lonely。虽然我孤独一人，但我并不感到寂寞。lonely除了有"孤独的"意思外，还有"寂寞的"意思。另外说明特点时还有“人迹稀少的”、“荒凉的”意思。He was taken to a lonely house . 他被带到一个荒无人烟的房子内。20.also , either , too , as wellalso用于肯定句. You study English and I also study it。You don't study English and I don't study it either。too和as well 用于肯定句，放在句尾，多用于口语。You are a student and I am a student, too. You know the way and I know it as well. When：可与一个点的时间或表示一段的时间连用，从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时，也同先于主句的动作。Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoodup。While：只指一段时间，不能指一点时间。因此while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，主句和从句的动作同时发生。Don'ttalkwhileyouareeating。吃饭时你不要说话。As：主句和从句的动作同时发生，有时可译作“一边……，一边”。Ithasbegun(started)raining。已经开始下雨了。start还可表示“动身”、“开动”等意思，而begin则不能这样用。例如：TheystartforBeijingtomorrow。他们明天动身去北京。date指"日期"。What'sthedatetoday?今天几号?day指"星期几",指二十四小时的一整天;也单指白天;也指重要的日子。Therearesevendaysinaweek。一周有七天。24.besides,except,exceptfor,but“除……之外”besides的意思是"除…之外，还有…"是肯定的;包括，besides后面的宾语在内，含有"加上"的意思。Ihavethreeotherpensbesidesthis。except(but)的意思是"除……之外，没有…"是否定的;不包括except后的宾语在内，含有"减去"的意思。but用于"除了"之意时，只能用于noone,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything等词之后。Everybodyishereexcept(but)Mary。except for的用法是在说明基本情况后，而在细节上加以纠正。except for有时可以与except互换，表示"除了……之外"，但位于句首时，不可以和except互换。例如：Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes。除了有几个拼写错误之外，你的作文很好。besides意为"除了……之外，还有"except意为"除了……之外"，but用于"除了"之意时，只能用于noone,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything等词之后。例如：Don't forget to bring adictionary with you。例如：Please take the small blackboard to the classroom例如：Please fetch me some chalk。二者都有"借"的意思。borrow是"借入"，lend是"借出"。例如：Can I borrow your pen?我可以借你的钢笔吗?Lend me your pen,will you?把钢笔借给我用用，可以吗?27.finally,at last,in the endfinally用于动词之前，表示人们长期以来期待的某事最后实现了。He tried many times and finally succeeded。At last he has understood it。最后他终于明白了这个。in the end表示经过许多变化或周折，最后发生了某事。例如：We made several different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer campagain。 我们制定了好几种不同的度假方案，但最后我们还是选定了再来一次夏令营活动。
28.find,look for，find outWhat are you looking for?你在找什么?Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗?I found out she was wrong。我发现她错了。29.join,take part in,join injoin多指参加某组织、党派或社会团体，成为其中的一个成员。He joined the League in1985.他在1985年入团。joinin参加正在进行的竞赛、娱乐、谈话等活动。take part in指参加活动、群众性活动或会议，并在其中起一定作用。The old man took part in the Long March。这位老人参加过长征。30.dress , have sth. on , wear , put onHe had a straw hat on . 他戴了一顶草帽。She likes to wear the light green dress . You'd better put on your overcoat before going out 。出门之前你最好穿上大衣。The mother is dressing her baby .31.take care of, look aftertake care意为“注意”，“当心”，“留心”。可以单独使用，也可以跟不定式或that从句。Take care!The ice is thin。当心!冰很薄。take care of意为“照顾”，“照料”，侧重于负有责任这一层意思，后面的宾语从句可以是人，也可以是某物，比较口语化。Please take care of my house。请照看一下我的家。look after 一般情况下可替换take care of，在意思上强调看管或照料，其宾语可以是物，但多数情况下是人或动物。Will you look after my dog?请照看一下我的狗好吗?这两个连词都作“是否”解，引导宾语从句时，两者通常可以互换。但在下列几种情况下，不可用if 代替whether。I don't know whether or not they will come for our help。我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。She hasn't decided whether to go or not。Whether this is true or not,I can't say。33.either ,either…or, neither, neither…nor, There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。If you don't go there, I won't, either. either...or.。。意为"或者……或者……;不是……就是……"之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。either...or.。。连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的"就近原则"。Either you or I am going there tomorrow。Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。neither...nor.。。表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。She likes neither butter nor cheese.当neither...nor.。。连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。例如：Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 若将neither...nor.。。句型变为肯定句，只需把neither...nor.。。改为both...and.。。即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如：Both dad and mum are at home today.34.have sb.do，have sb. or sth. doing，have sb.do 作"使某人做某事"解，have 后作宾语补足的不定式通常不带 to。have sb./sth.doing 与 have sb.do 的意思大致相同，只是现在分词作宾补强调动作在进行，而不定式作宾补只表示发生了某件事。试比较下面两个句子：The boss had his workers working all day long。The boss had his workers work fourteen hours a day。在 have sb.or sth.doing 结构中，have 如被否定，往往作“允许”、“容忍”解。如：I won't have you saying such things。have sth.done 作“(有意识地)让别人替自己做某事”解，过去分词表示的动作赏由别人完成，宾语是过去分词所表示地动作的承受者。还可批无意识的被动行为，have 作“受到、遭受”解。如：I had my pen stolen。我的钢笔被人偷了。35.hear，hear of，hear fromhear 后面接宾语从句。hear 还可作“听见”，“听到”解，后面可以接名词，代词+不带to的不定式(或分词)的复合结构。I heard him just now。我刚才听到了他说话。I heard him singing in the next room。hear of后面接名词，代词或动名词。I have heard of him。我听人提到过他。hear from意为“收到……的信”，“得到……消息”。How often do you hear from your father?注意：hear from的主语是“人”，而不是“信”。
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